Fast Food Is All About Convenience - 1761 Words

Driving down the highway with three squirmy children in the back seat, a balmy 86 °, and a chorus of  ¨I have to pee’s! ¨ and  ¨I’m super hungry! Can we eat? ¨. When there is a McDonalds two blocks from the highway exit, or 10 miles away; is there actually a competition of which will be more populated? People wouldn’t come from miles and miles around to go to a fast food restaurant if it was out of their way. Fast food is all about convenience, and that is why location is one of the most important standards to bring in the restaurants’ consumers. However, sometimes fast food corporations take the process a step too far and use the location to market their product inappropriately to children and families. Consumers should not be used as pawns in marketing schemes based off of population, highway proximity, consumer demographics, and contiguity to areas with children. Of course it is known that it’s a necessity for restaurant corporations to choose their location to better market their product. Without being able to choose, it would be difficult to bring in consumers, or make as much money as they do. Some small buisness and restaurant owners actually believe that the location of a building can either make or break it. According to Allen Vernon, who owned a restaurant in New York, the â€Å"biggest problem was the location. While Valentine Street is adjacent to City Hall, it is not visible from Gramatan Avenue, where the bulk of the city s businesses is located† (Prenon). He believesShow MoreRelatedThe Choice Of Food By A Consumer Is Predominantly Affected By Convenience Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction The choice of food by a consumer is predominantly affected by convenience. The growth of home delivery for supplies, microwave dinners, drive-thru windows, and internet shopping is an indication that most consumers are driven by convenience in the determination of choices (Jaeger and Meiselman, 2004, p.318). Customers use convenience to establish how, what, why, when, with whom, and where to eat (Costa et al., 2005, p.79). Jaeger, S.R., Cardello, A., V. (2007, p.238), argued thatRead MoreFast food and slow food, vastly different competitors, combat daily in an uneven competition for1500 Words   |  6 PagesFast food and slow food, vastly different competitors, combat daily in an uneven competition for consumer favouritism influenced by convenience, value for money, and variety, along with nutritional benefits. This essay will explore factors influencing convenience, monetary value, variety, and nutritional benefits, guiding these worthy competitors to the pinnacle position of consu merism. Moreover, this essay will explore whether the competition between fast and slow food product is fought on a levelRead MoreFast Food And Burger Bars1635 Words   |  7 PagesSome people don’t understand that we cook everything fresh to order.’ Scope of the study The aim of this investigation is to explore how does fast food burgers and burger bars impact on each over through the question fast food vs burger bars. Burger bars refer to a cafà © style location serving predominantly gourmet style burgers . Fast food refers to food that is prepared in quantity by a standardized method and can be dispensed quickly and inexpensively for takeaway. Often available for purchaseRead MoreThe Disadvantages of Technology829 Words   |  4 Pagesworld is provided with conveniences intended to make life easier. However, with careful scrutiny one can assess that these expedient products and services actually pose new problems. This insight makes clear that conveniences aren’t so beneficial after all. We can note this elucidation in examining the disadvantages of fast-food, automatic teller machines (ATM), and dishwashers. The convenience of fast-food comes along with many drawbacks in its wake. Firstly, fast-food has a detrimental effectRead MoreThe Importance Of Public Knowledge And Views On Fast Food Corporations1438 Words   |  6 Pagesand offered the context for the evaluation of the reality of the fast food chains strategies and ignorance. I used a survey in order to further my understanding about public knowledge and views on fast food corporations. Most of the research were secondary sources; for the authors used others research to further support their claims. On the other hand, one of the research was a primary source which was written by a worker in a fast food outlets which offered personal experiences. Both types of reportsRead MoreCreating a Solution Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagestime have thought of fast food restaurants as a place of gathering and convenience; as a result, fast food industries became a popular thing for people who were on the go and needed a full meal with a low pri ce. This has caused many industries to understand its costumers and eventually led the way towards focusing specifically on making their restaurants more family orientated to gain exponential profits from not only the people on the go, but every type of costumer. The fast-food industries have becameRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food Restaurants1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not go a day without eating a fast food meal. There has been a significant rise in obesity rates in America as fast food restaurant establishments are becoming more and more popular. It’s no coincidence that as the fast food industry’s popularity is rising; the obesity rates of Americans are rising as well. The reason for the increase in popularity of fast food restaurants is simply because of convenience. Take McDonald’s for example: they offer consumers food that can ready to eat within aRead MoreFast Food And The Food Meal Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pages A fast food meal may not be so simple after all considering the ingredients that go into a meal. We aren’t fully aware of what all the ingredients are in our food. We just see either a short or a long list of words that is just scientific jargon to us. We do become more concerned of what we are eating if there is a long endless list of contents. One ingredient that we all know if high fructose corn syrup. There are high amounts of it in our fast food which explains why we can get so addicted toRead MoreEssay on The American Fast Food Industry1420 Words   |  6 Pages The fast food industry in America has many drawbacks at the cost of supplying food to the American population. Since many people are ignorant of the process their food goes through in order to become the edible meal they consume, American companies easily take advantage of them. In class, we discussed a â€Å"Food Bill of Rights†. I believe that this is necessary in order to keep the food industry safe for the American public and environment. The main focus of my â€Å"Food Bill of Rights† is to ensureRead MoreFast Food As An Common, Easy Meal1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situation

A Student Can Succeed Working 15 Hours per Week Free Essays

A student can succeed working 15 hours per week. This will be successful with careful time budgeting and the selection of the correct job. The student must create a time budget and carefully allocate the hours to each activity for this to work; deviations from the budget will likely result in loss of sleep, loss of grade point average (GPA) or unsatisfactory job performance. We will write a custom essay sample on A Student Can Succeed Working 15 Hours per Week or any similar topic only for you Order Now The student must allocate time between class participation, homework, exercise, social events and other extracurricular activities.   Use of alcohol and other light drugs should be avoided, but light usage every once in a while during social activities will not unduly upset the time allocations. The time budget consists of the following allocations: 20 hours per week attending classes; 20 hours per week doing homework and lab work; 7 hours per week exercising; and 7 hours per week socializing and doing other extracurricular activities. Note there is no time allocation for the job, that is because homework will be done while on the job. Although the times for exercising and socializing average 1 hour per day, there is no requirement that these activities need to be done on a daily basis. During exam week and at other critical times, the socializing activities can drop down significantly. Selection of the correct job is critical for the success of the work budget. The job must allow the student to do homework while at work. The jobs best suited for the working student include receptionist, evening watchman, intern jobs for the United States Government (including the CIA and NSA), house sitting, or babysitting.   The job can be worked either 3 hours per weekday or 7.5 hours on the weekends. House sitting is ideal, because it provides a free room and generates income. However, house sitting jobs will be the hardest to get. Government intern jobs pay very well but demand a five year commitment after college which may not be appropriate for all students. Also the student must be working on a technical degree, have a clean background, and have a high GPA. Evening watchman will likely be the most available job, but typically requires 40 hours per week not 15. Students may be able to convince a potential employer to share the slot so that an entire 8 hour shift can be covered by three students. Job sharing will be successful if the student schedules do not intersect, which may be difficult. The student also needs to eat and sleep. The time budget requires 8 hours per day for sleep and 3 hours per day for eating. The typical day for the student will be to rise at 7 AM and eat breakfast and then work on homework until the first class of the day at 10 AM. The student will eat lunch and then attend afternoon classes until 4 PM. The student will then do homework until it is time for the job. The student should make a dinner and bring it work to eat there. While on the job the student will read and do other homework assignments until the work period has finished. The job should complete by 10 PM. The student then should walk home (getting exercise) and go to bed at 11 PM. There should be time during various parts of the day to have conversations with friends and work on hobbies such as music performance. The schedule does not allocate time for the weekends. If the student elects to work during the weekends, then there can be more time allocated during the week for socializing and exercise. The student should not keep an entire week of homework until getting to the job, as that will mean missing key points during the lecture period. So if reading is required for a particular class then that reading should be done before the class starts. Writing term papers and essays will be perfect for the weekend hours as that requires focused attention for several hours. The student should ensure that they will be allowed to bring a laptop computer to the job site. The schedule will allow a student to work 15 hours a week and keep a good GPA.    How to cite A Student Can Succeed Working 15 Hours per Week, Essays

Amazon Impact of Online Service Quality in Sales and Costumer Decisio

Question: Describe the Report for Amazon and It's Impact of Online Service Quality in Improving Sales and Customers Decision. Answer: Introduction In past few years extensive growth has been noticed in the ecommerce sectors especially in the retail industry. The increased access to the internet is the major factor that contributes in the growth of ecommerce sector (Witell Lofgren, 2007). Through internet access the customers are able to easily browse different websites and purchase goods that they find suitable for themselves. The entire process from viewing the products and variety of choices to making purchase and delivery can be done by the customers by the customers from the comfort of their home due to ecommerce services. Due to this ease and comfort, ecommerce has become quite popular among the customers (Stamenkov Dika, 2015). Initially the companies were reluctant to accept ecommerce because of reliability and security issues but these issues are now resolved to large extent and thus companies widely use ecommerce platform. The main reason behind adopting ecommerce is its low cost and wide market accessibility. In present business environment, the online service quality has appeared as the most important factor that influences the buying decision of the customers (Sabiote, Frias Castaneda, 2012). Service quality can be described as the judgment of the customers based on their expectations which further are built on brand popularity and customers experiences. The organizations have realized that only price of the product is not key determinant of the success but quality of the product and services is also major factor that contributes in success of the organization. The quality of the products and services offered by the organization has a significant impact on the customer loyalty and satisfaction which influences the purchase decision and eventually impacts the profitability of the firm (O'Neil, Palmer Wright, 2003). In order to build customer loyalty and provide customer satisfaction it is important to provide quality services to customers during after product purchase. Aims and Motivation The core aim of this research proposal is to inspect the impact of online service quality on purchase decision of the customers in retail industry. The motivation of this research is that ecommerce activities has exploded due to internet accessibility which offers easy purchase option. In order to retain customers and remain profitable in long term the organizations must satisfy their customers which can be done through qualitative services. Thus, in order to understand the impact of quality online services on customers purchasing decision and ways in which it helps in improving sales this research is conducted. It is evident that in every business, customer satisfaction is a critical aspect that helps in long term sustainability of the organization along with providing huge profit margins (Li, 2015). Thus, online retail organizations must also maintain strong customer relationship by providing them quality services in order to remain profitable and sustain for long. Research Question In order to achieve the main aim of the research, following questions are formulated: What is the importance of quality online services in influencing the purchase decision of customers? Determine the factors that impact the consumer perception about the service quality? In what ways can the organizations influence the perception of the customers about service quality? Research Objectives The major objectives of this research proposal are as follows: To examine the role of quality of online service on customers perception about the product To explore the factors that influences the purchase decision of the customers To analyze the significance of quality services in influencing customers to make a purchase Research Rationale This research topic is selected because the subject is very interesting and improves the knowledge about the ecommerce sector. This research topic is the one of the recent topics of research that contains ample of information and can guide organizations. Through research on this topic, the readers will have a broad understanding about the role of quality services in ecommerce sector. This research topic can also be helpful for business organizations in improving sales of their products and services by transforming the perception of the customers towards online services. The business professionals will also be benefitted through this research study because they will be able to understand the significance of high quality services in ecommerce sector. This research study analyses the retail giant Amazon and its online customer services with specific emphasis on its business structure in Nigeria. Organizations of the Research A proper structuring of the research is important to achieve research aim and complete the research work successfully. This can be done by using a systematic approach and organizing the research appropriately. For this purpose, the research will be divided into different chapters which are as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction The first chapter is introduction chapter that contains background information about the research subject and is one of the crucial chapters that lay the foundation of the research work. This chapter contains the aims, motivation, objectives and rationale of the research. Chapter 2: Literature Review The second chapter is literature review that contains in-depth information on the research topic which is based on the previous literatures and researches done by different authors. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The third chapter is research methodology chapter that determines the different types of research methods which are used in research to gain information about the research subject. All the necessary information in the research is retrieved using tools and techniques which are described under this chapter. Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion The fourth chapter is data analysis and discussion that analyses the data collected through different research methods. The data is analyzed in this chapter to gain important information and reach to a meaningful conclusion. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations The fifth chapter is conclusion and recommendation chapter that contains the overall summary of the research based on the research findings. This chapter also provides recommendations for any gaps identified in the entire research. Literature Review (Theory and Definitions) According to Hung et al. (2014), today, the competition in the marketplace has increased and become fierce due to globalization as new players are frequently entering in the market and increasing competition. The competition is even higher in ecommerce sector because several new players are entering in online business to exploit the business and make profit. It is identified that the cost of implementing online business is relatively low in comparison to traditional retail stores and online business also opens the vast market to the organizations. Zandian Riahinia Azimi (2010) also explored that the profit margins are eroded due to growing competition in ecommerce business; therefore it is important for the organizations to differentiate itself from its competitors to gain success. The online business can differentiate itself from other rivals through ecommerce service quality because it determines the way in which the service providers provide customer satisfaction and manages its customers. In the views of Sahadev Purani (2008), ecommerce service quality is the combination of different factors such as access, assurance, reliability and ease of navigation. In order to provide high quality and effective online services a combination of the above elements should be used. Turk, Scholz and Berresheim (2012), investigated that ecommerce retailing helps in gaining new customers and provide an easy way to customers in making purchase. At present, customers lack in time and demand quality products and services therefore, they are attracted towards brands as branded products and services offers quality. This is the huge opportunity for the large market players to sell their products on ecommerce platform. The small and new players can also exploit ecommerce platform and become successful by promoting business on online medium. In the views of Wang (2008), secure payment, quick customer service, online shipping, fast response are some important elements of online service quality which should be considered by the retailers to build, improve and maintain the brand image of the business. The ecommerce platform and businesses has opened doors for top retail companies such as Amazon and for local firms but in order to remain competitive over rivals providing high quality online services is essential. It is discussed by Javedi et al (2012) that examining the purchase behavior of the customers while making online purchase can be helpful for the companies to create competitive advantage and gain insight. The internet is widely used in online business activities for different purposes such as placing an online order, checking and comparing the prices of products and searching for product attributes. As per the opinion of Zhilin Kim (2004), online shopping behavior is the process of buying products and services through online medium. Five stages are identified in the process of online shopping behaviors which are search for the options, online purchase, recognition of need, evaluation of alternatives and post purchase alternatives. Other than this, there are different factors that affect the purchase decision of the customers such as brand image, service quality, easy return policy, and perceived risks including product risk, financial risk and non-delivery risk. Uzun Poturak (2014) has also explored that there are different factors that influence the customer purchase decision such as e-loyalty, customer satisfaction, online risks and online service quality. Huang Finch (2010) discovered that convenience and customer trust along with price and quality of the product and services are important variables that influence purchasing decision of the customers. It is identified that if the customers are satisfied with service quality of the organization there is high probability that will return back and make another purchase and will continue until they feel satisfied. According to Sousa (2012), there is a positive relationship between customer loyalty and service quality as organizations can retain customers by providing high quality service. Wu Wu (2010) explored that in online shopping the customer decision is based on quality of information provided to them, their perception of risk and interface quality. In addition to this, if the customers find the website attractive and easy navigation is provided they will make purchase. Moreover, Janita Miranda (2013) assumed that by integrating the online services companies can increase their profit margins along with this, high quality services also influence customers to avail the services on constant manner. Riley, Scarpi Manaresi (2009), determined that providing detailed information to the customers about the product, its reliability and efficiency along with making effective communication with them can help the companies in sustaining. Schlagel (2011) also investigated that customer satisfaction and perceived service quality are interrelated because customer satisfaction is dependent on customers expectations about the products and services they receive. According to Ch eng et al. (2012), if any organization provides high quality services but the customers expectations are not met the perceived online service quality will be low. Carlson OCass (2011) suggested that organizations should make efforts to enhance the customers perception towards the service quality provided by them this can be done by developing effective marketing strategies and building trust. Research Methodologies Research methodology is the process in which the researcher collects data which is relevant to the research study. It is a systematic and scientific method through which reliable information is retrieved (Hair et al., 2015). The present research will identify the impact of online service quality on customer purchase decision. For this purpose various tools and techniques will be used to collect data. In this research exploratory research design will be used to determine the characteristics of different variables and it will also help in exploring new ideas and assumptions related to research subject (Denscombe, 2012). In addition to this, inductive research approach will be used for this research to build meaningful conclusion. The data collection method that is suitable for this research will be both primary and secondary data collection methods. Through primary method data will be collected using questionnaires and interviews (Crowther Lancaster, 2012). The questionnaires will be provided to people who use online shopping to understand the factors that influence their purchase decision (Kuada, 2012). Moreover, the interviews will be conducted with the business development managers and logistic managers of the online retail companies. On the other hand, secondary data collection method will utilize existing sources to collect data such as books, journals, online articles and company websites (Creswell, 2013). The sample size for survey method will be 100 and for interview method sample size will be 8. After collecting relevant information data will be analyzed through graphical data representation method such as pie charts or pictograms (Pasian, 2015). Ethical Considerations There are certain ethical considerations that need to be followed while conducting any research work to maintain authenticity and reliability of the research (Kara, 2012). The ethics that will be considered during this research work will include confidentiality and privacy of the data, no biasness or discrimination, no plagiarism, use of authentic sources, and proper acknowledgement of the publication and authors whose data is used (Crowther Lancaster, 2012). Project Plan (Gantt Chart) Research Activities Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Choosing the Topic Confirmation of Research Proposal Introduction of Research Review of Literature Data Gathering Data Analysis and Evaluation Conclusion and Suggestions Submission of Report References Carlson, J. O'Cass. (2011). Developing a framework for understanding e-service quality, its antecedents, consequences, and mediators. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 21(3): 264286. Cheng, H. G., Liu, J. Y. C., Sheu, T. S. Yang, M. H. (2012). The impact of financial services quality and fairness on customer satisfaction. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(4): 399-421. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications. Crowther, D. Lancaster, G. (2012). Research Methods. London: Routledge. Denscombe, M. (2012). The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects. New York: McGraw-Hill International. Hair, J. F., et al. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Routledge. Huang, X. Finch, B. J. (2010). Satisfaction and dissatisfaction in online auctions: an empirical analysis. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 27(8): 878892. Hung, S., Chen, C, Huang, N. (2014). An Integrative Approach To Understanding Customer Satisfaction With E-Service Of Online Stores. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 15(1): 40-57. Janita, M. S. Miranda, F. J. (2013). Exploring Service Quality Dimensions In B2b E-Marketplaces. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 14(4): 363-386. Javedi, M. H. M., Dolatabadi, H. R., Nourbakhsh, M., Poursaeedi, A. Asadollahi, A. R. (2012). An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(5): 81-98. Kara, H. (2012). Research and Evaluation for Busy Practitioners: A Time-Saving Guide. Policy Press. Kuada, J. (2012). Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. Li, C. (2015). Switching barriers and customer retention. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 25(4): 370 393. O'Neil, M., Palmer, A. Wright, C. (2003). Disconfirming user expectations of the online service experience: inferred versus direct disconfirmation modeling. Internet Research, 13(4): 281296. Pasian, B. (2015). Designs, Methods and Practices for Research of Project Management. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Riley, F. D., Scarpi, D. Manaresi, A. (2009). Purchasing services online: a two-country generalization of possible influences. Journal of Services Marketing, 23(2): 92102. Sabiote, C. M., Frias, D. M. Castaneda, J. A. (2012). E-service quality as antecedent to e-satisfaction. Online Information Review, 36(2): 157-174. Sahadev, S., Purani, K. (2008). Modelling the consequences of e-service quality. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 26 (6): 605-620. Schlagel, C. (2011). Country-Specific Effects of Reputation: A Cross-Country Comparison of Online Auction Markets. Springer Science Business Media. Sousa, R. (2012). The moderating effect of channel use on the quality-loyalty relationship in multi-channel e-services. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 29(9): 1019-1037. Stamenkov, G. Dika, Z. (2015). A sustainable e-service quality model. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 25(4): 414 442. Turk, B., Scholz, M. Berresheim, P. (2012). Measuring Service Quality In Online Luxury Goods Retailing. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1): 88-103. Uzun, H. Poturak, M. (2014). Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers. European Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 3(3): 163-170. Wang, M. (2008). Measuring e-CRM service quality in the library context: a preliminary study. The Electronic Library, 26(6): 896-911. Witell, L. Lofgren, M. (2007). Classification of quality attributes. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 17(1): 5473. Wu, D. Wu, D. D. (2010). Performance evaluation and risk analysis of online banking service. Kybernetes, 39 (5): 723 734. Zandian, F., Riahinia, N. Azimi, A. (2010). An evaluation of alert services: quantity versus quality. Program 44(1): 512. Zhilin, M. J. Kim, Y. D. (2004). Customers' perceptions of online retailing service quality and their satisfaction. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 21(8): 817840.

Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay Example For Students

Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay The motivations and behavior of key characters in Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot will be analyzed according to Eric Bernes method of transactional analysis. Eric Berne deals with the psychology behind our transactions. Transactional analysis determines which ego state is implemented by the people interacting. There are three possibilities which are either parent, adult, or child. The key characters in Waiting for Godot are Vladimir and Estragon. Vladimir is the more intellectual of the two and Estragon is more emotional. Their ego states are always shifting from minute to minute. In Miss Julie the key characters are Jean and Miss Julie. Jean shifts his ego state according to his situation either to compliment the ego state of the person he is talking to or to exploit the situation. In the relationship between Miss Julie and Jean their ego states interchange as Miss Julie begins as the parent, then she falls so they are equal on the adult level and eventually she is on the bottom so Jean is on the top as parent ego state. People are made with three basic ego states which are the parent, adult, and child. Some people have a dominant ego state and others are constantly changing. We will write a custom essay on Strindbergs Miss Julie and Becketts Waiting for Godot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All parts are necessary for a well rounded personality. The child is linked with intuition, creativity, spontaneity, drive and enjoyment. The adult is the rational, objective and logical side which allows work to get done. This is the part of us that should be involved in difficult decision making because it weighs the pros and cons of the decision without bias. The parent is useful for actually raising children and for routine decisions that do not require the deductive reasoning of the adult. A transaction can be either complementary or crossed and at the same time simple or ulterior. A simple complementary transaction would be any transaction where the lines do not cross. It could be a transaction between psychological equals; these transactions are gossip parent-parent, problem solving adult-adult, or playing child-child. If the lines of communication in the transaction are crossed, the communication will cease unless one of the participants alters their ego state to compliment the ego state implemented by the other communicant. If the responses of the people interacting continue to cross they will no longer be communicating but instead there will be fruitless arguing. An example is I cant find my shoes do you know where they are? response why dont you keep track of your things, you would lose your head if it wasnt attached. The question was an adult one but the response was parent to child so the lines are crossed. There was no positive that came out of the transaction and the conversation cannot be sustained. Ulterior transactions are more complex and more than one ego stat is involved at one time by a participant. An ulterior transaction can be used to take advantage of a vulnerable ego state in someone else. An example is a car salesman sees a middle aged family man that appears to be having some sort of a midlife crisis. The car salesman shows him an expensive sports car and says young people love these flashy cars, but you look like more of a Lincon town car type. The middle aged man then turns around and buys the expensive sports car. The salesmans comments were both objective observations that were made by the adult. They could be received by either the adult or child of the middle aged man. If received by the adult it would steer the middle aged man to a car that would be more appropriate and practical for him and his family. Instead it is received by the child which in this case is dominant and vulnerable and causes the man to think Im still young this is as much a car for me as it is for anyone. In Waiting for Godot Estragon and Vladimir converse on all levels with each other. Through the play they are killing time while waiting for Godot. Estragon realizes that their existence is stagnant and he has trouble remembering things because of the repetition. In the second act he does not recall what happened in the first act. For him, remembering the day before would be like trying to remember a specific rain drop in a rain storm. Godot, the unseen character represents a hope of change that is to come. Their meeting with him is always delayed which defers their hope, but does not extinguish it because they agree to meet him again the next day. At some points they play with each other, this is an effective way to kill time. An example of them playing is when they are wondering what to do while waiting for Godot, Estragon comes up with the idea of hanging themselves. Vladimir says it will give them an erection and Estragon gets excited. They play around giving reasons why the other should be hanged first. .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .postImageUrl , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:hover , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:visited , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:active { border:0!important; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:active , .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280 .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9cc17a0f1879163a88b2e4567790280:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 1984 - Grim Future EssayEstragon says that Vladimir should be hanged first because he is heavier and the branch of the tree might break. If it doesnt break for Vladimir there will be no trouble hanging him so they will both be dead. Whereas, if Estragon is hanged first and the branch supports his weight but is unable to support Vladimir he will be alone. Vladimir is more likely to take a parental role than Estragon. An example of this is when Estragon is attempting with great difficulty to remove his boots he asks for help. Vladimir lectures him by saying Boots must be taken off every day Im tired of telling you that. Why dont you listen to me. 1 They also converse on an adult to adult level. An example of this is in act II they have an abstract conversation about thinking. They come up with the idea to question is to think and the road to enlightenment is a passive journey. Here is a portion of their adult dialog. Vladimir: When you seek you hear Estragon: You do Vladimir: That prevents you from finding Estragon: It does Vladimir: That prevents you from thinking Estragon: You think all the same 2 They meet a man named Pozzo and his slave Lucky. Pozzo is a rich man and Lucky is a former intellectual who is no longer able to think. Pozzo is constantly talking down to everyone, as he is firmly locked in the parent ego state. Almost every time Pozzo talks to Vladimir and Estragon, it is an independent speech because he always talks from the parent to child position and Vladimir and Estragon do not like to respond to him from the child level. When Estragon asks Pozzo an adult question which is why doesnt Lucky put down his bags and Pozzo ignores the question a few times until Vladimir tells him he is being asked a question. He eventually answers after talking down to them a couple of times. Two examples of this are Pozzo saying. Dont interrupt me. If we all speak at once well never get anywhere and why couldnt you say so before3 . In Miss Julie Jean is the servant in the Counts house. Throughout the play whenever the Count is mentioned Jean shrivels up with fear and is in the child ego state. Miss Julie, the counts daughter is originally is in a position of authority over Jean because he is a servant in her house. Through the course of the story a reversal of roles is seen. It starts with Jean being in the child ego state while talking to Miss Julie to compliment the parent ego state that she talks to him from. Miss Julie was a very passionate woman and often would grab one of her servants to dance with. A combination of factors brought Jean and Miss Julie together. Some of these factors are being in the right place at the right time, her fiancÃÆ'Â © breaking off their engagement, her hormones and the atmosphere of a midsummer night. Once Jean has been with Miss Julie for a while he plays games with her to make her want to get with him. He does this after she was teasing him sexually but would not let him kiss her. He senses a strong romantic child in her and he exploits this by telling her a story he made up about him seeing her from across the gate to the estate and he desired to be with her. He said that he slept under an elder bush because he had remembered it could be fatal but he did not die, he only became very ill. He said he did this because he realized because of their class difference he could never have her, and she was a symbol of hopelessness of him ever climbing up from his low class. This story evokes sympathy and triggers her child which wants to rebel against the established order that says they can never get together. This strategy works as Jean ends up sleeping with Miss Julie. In their relationship the tides turn from Miss Julie being the parent to them being equal to Jean being the parent. The ego states of Miss Julie and Jean will be looked at in chronological order as they rotate like on a wheel where Miss Julie starts out on top but ends up on the bottom with Jean on the opposite side of the wheel. Miss Julie is in a position of power over Jean and this causes her to talk to him as a child from a parents standpoint. An example of this is when Jean has something in his eyes Miss Julie says sit down and Ill take it out. Sit still now, quite still! she slaps his hands Come, obey me! Sit still, will you! There! Now its gone. Kiss my hand and thank me. 4 As they continue to talk their conversation drifts into that of psychological equals on the adult level. At this point they begin to discuss their future. Jean gives the idea of going away to Switzerland, to the Italian lakes! so he could start a hotel and she could be the pearl of the establishment. Jean is telling her stories of how great it would be as they discuss the feasibility of their budding plan. Miss Julie, in response to Jeans grand plans says They seem to me quite sensible but just one question. .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .postImageUrl , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:hover , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:visited , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:active { border:0!important; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:active , .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1320e719f2b6db977cba0a170b91ffc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Awakening Beauty the Dr. Hauschka Way EssayA big project like that needs a lot of capital. Have you that? Jean says that she would be able to find a backer if she went with him. Miss Julie says I couldnt. And I havent any money of my own. Jean says Then our whole plan collapses. As they rationally discuss Jeans plans they come to the conclusion that his plan is not possible to execute because of their lack of funds. 5 After their plans are shot down, Miss Julie pouts and becomes very childlike. She instantly drops from the adult ego state into the child and this prompts Jean to shift into the parent ego state. Miss Julie calls Jean a servant and lackey. Jean responds wit h servants whore, lackeys bitch, shut your mouth and get out of here. You dare stand there and call me foul.. Miss Julie becomes submissive Youre right. Hit me, trample on me, Ive deserved nothing better elp me out of this It is clear from preceding dialogue that Jean is now acting the parent after Miss Julie has fallen from her great height in social standing and also dropped to a child ego state. Right near the end of the play, Miss Julie is very submissive and childlike so Jean is very parent like with her. Unlike Miss Julie, Jean has not had an overhaul of his ego, but instead he just reacts to the ego states of the people talking to him. This can bee seen by his response to the count Its Jean milord. Yes, milord. Yes, milord. Immediately. At once, milord. Very good, my lord. In a half an hour. 6 He is still fearful and submissive towards the count while at the same time being authoritative from the parent ego state towards Miss Julie. Miss Julie wants to kill herself but needs to be told to do so by Jean. Jean ends up giving her a sharpened razor and telling her to go. In conclusion, in Waiting for Godot Vladimir and Estragon are constantly shifting ego states from minute to minute. Sometimes they play like children and at other times they talk seriously on an adult level, and at other times they talk down to each other from the parent to child ego states. Pozzo is always talking down to everyone he comes into contact with. Unlike Jean in Miss Julie, Vladimir and Estragon do not readily shift their ego states to accommodate others such as Pozzo. Pozzo has no intention of doing anything but talk down to others, thus his conversation with Vladimir and Estragon starts and ends quickly because they are not on complimentary ego levels. Most times Pozzo talks it is an independent speech and seems he isnt really directing his thoughts towards anyone in particular. Vladimir and Estragon do not stay in one ego state for a prolonged length of time, but are switching at random. In Miss Julie, Jean and Miss Julies ego states rotate like on a wheel where Miss Julie starts out on top as the parent but in the end the wheel has turned and she is the child on the bottom. Jean is like a chamaeleon when it comes to what ego state he is in. He adapts to the ego states of the people he is transacting with. He does this so that their ego states are complimentary and conversation is allowed to flow. He also manipulates Miss Julies emotions by appealing to the romantic child in her. It is Miss Julies fall from her high social status and her consequent fall to a childish ego state that makes Jean adapt his ego. She starts out thinking she is better than Jean because he is her servant. As they get closer she feels he is her equal so she talks to him as an adult from an adult standpoint. By the end when she has fallen from grace she feels so low that she is talking up to Jean and wants him to tell her what to do. All the while Jean is on the opposite side of the wheel that Miss Julie is on.

Urban Pattern Essay Example

Urban Pattern Essay Example Urban Pattern Essay Urban Pattern Essay Settlements of any size and type can always be formally synthesized by their patterns, so it means pattern identify the settlements. Town houses in gridiron blocks, high-rise office structures, academic campuses, suburban estates, and highway retail sprawl are good examples. Urban form, then, is a result of the bringing together of many elements in a composite totality:the urban pattern. Patterns are the outstanding formal features of urban areas. A pattern can be defined as an elaboration of form that results from a composition of parts. Thus, patterns assume complex characteristics based on their formal elaboration; they also assume some degree of universality, since the total pattern can be represented by a sector. For example, an identifiable area in a city, or village can be best understood through a typical sector showing circulation, buildings, and open spaces; this typical sector ‘represents’ the formal characteristics found throughout the area and thus acquires some ‘universality. ’ Patterns have the potential of carrying powerful formal syntheses or visual codes over a geographic space. Formally, cities have a greater similarity to rugs and carpets than to other design products, with intricate motifs covering thier surfaces and various combinations of patterns complementing one another. Patterns are the physical expression of an underlying, continous formal system. Their visual essence lies in the complexity of a number of interrelated motifs, rather than in the total composition, since patterns are fragments or parts of a continuum and not totalities. Patterns can be conceptualized as models of field designs that can be extended over geographic space. They are reflecting the impact of a society on the earth, through the imposition of their cultural artifacts of shelter and movement. Clearly, urban patterns do change from one sector of a city to another, according to location in the city and time of development. The commercial high-rise pattern of down-town merges with the dense residential pattern of town houses-two patterns resulting from different land uses and accessibility at different locations. The tight pattern that originated in preautomobile times contrasts with the open pattern typical of the automobile era-two patterns resulting from two periods of development. In this way, an urban area is truly a tapestry of patterns, each corresponding to specific morphological factors-location, technology, culture, and so on. Furthermore, patterns tend not to reflect the will of a single designer, but rather composite wills-like the inherited wills involved in the traditional design of carpets or the pluralistic wills that have shaped so many human habitats. Indeed, patterns are true community forms. URBAN DUALITIES How is one to gain an initial formal understanding of urban patterns? Quite often, complex forms can first be grasped through the identification of their range of formal outcomes. Let us identify the ‘formal extremes’ that patterns can take, which we shall call dualities because they tend to appear as nominal opposites. Urban patterns, complex community forms that they are, can be conceptually understood through a series of dualities. The world is full of dualities. I have selected three dualities for examination here, not only for their descriptive duality, but because of their operational value for designers :unbuilt space versus built form, continuous events versus discrete events, and repetitive elements versus unique elements. Unbuilt space-built form duality This duality recognizes that urban patterns integrate built structures enclosing space for some use together with unbuilt areas used as open space or circulation. It provides the basic gestalt of urban areas, with figure-and-background images. Spatial concepts and definitions, environmental qualities, microclimate and health conditions, and other aspects of urban life can be thrown into relief by examining this relatively simple duality of unbuilt space versus built form. This dualit is related to the distinction between public and private realms in cities. Although most unbuilt space-open space and circulation-can be considered public, some open space can be private, as in institutional or residential courtyards. Also, enclosed space can be public or enjoy some sort of semipublic status, as in the case of churches, museums, department stores, and even street-covered arcades. Between enclosed buildings and open spaces there are many intermadiate possibilities: buildings lacking one wall, suh as Greek stoas; buildings with a roof supported by free standing columns, such as the arcades of Bologna; a space open to the sky and surrounded by walls, such as a stadium; a plaza with a few vertical elements, suh as San Marco. Continuous-discrete events duality This duality recognizes that urban patterns are made up of two quantitatively different kinds of elements: Some are interconnected and extend virtually over the whole area; others are discrete. This gometric difference is extended to implicit qualitative differences in the two types of events. The first can be characterized as continuous forms-networks-and the second as sets of discrete forms aggregated within or adjacent to the networks-infillings. Communities are structured by continuous networks within which an infill of discrete events takes place. The combination of networks and infillings results in a total pattern. Urban networks are identified primarily with transportation and other city infrastructures, which by nature must be continuous throughout the pattern. Streets, roads, avenues, boulevards, canals, highways, aqueducts, rail lines, and high-tension lines are all continuous networks that structure urban areas in one way or another, and in so doing they have more than just a utilitarian function; they become outstanding visual elements of the urban pattern. Buildings have occasion-ally played the same role, ranging from defensive walls in the Middle Ages to the megastructures of the 1960s. But in most cases, buildings, from cathedrals to houses, garages to skyscrapers, as well as most open space, are all infillings within the network structure, defining the three-dimensional architectural quality of a place. The interface areas between networks and infillings costitute the most alive zones of the man-made environment. Human beings are not truly participants in community life until they are on foot; the interface between transportation and networks infillings is the place where people shift from being passive riders to being active pedestrians. For this reason, the design of these interfaces-subway stations, but stops, train terminals, garages, sidewalks, and docks-is critical for the vitality of social and economic life in urban areas, as well as for their aesthetic expression. The dictinction between continuous and discrete events is not absolute, however. Size and scale may affect this distinction since what appears to be discrete on a metropolitan scale may seem continuous on a neighborhood scale. For example, rows of party-wall town houses, which are discrete elements on urban scale, can be seen as continuous events on an neighborhood scale. Repetetive-unique events duality This duality recognizes that urban patterns are made up largely of a limited number of relatively undifferentiated types of elements that repeat and combine. It implies that the image of a city can be created by the visual repetition of undifferentiated elements as well as by unique elements. Notre Dame de Paris is a powerful image and symbol for that city, but the repetetive elements of the city`s urban pattern-apartment buildings, hotels, and offices-represent it as much as does its unique cathedral. Repetetive elemets are the true urban form givers, sheltering the community`s activities and expressing its way of life and culture. Unique elements are the expresion of either a very specialized activity or, more likely, the apex and more symbolic layers of the community hierarchy. Human habitats and workplaces are repetetive elements, but temples, palaces, town halls, parliaments, universities, opera houses, and museums are unique and higly visible in each community. In preindustrial traditional societies, repetetive buildings such as dwellings vary according to regions, whereas unique buildings are universal. Repetetive buildings, although roughly the same within an urban area, tend to change drastically among regions and cultures; unique buildings, although special in their urban area, tend to repeat themselves across regions and even cultures. The wide regional variety of human dwelling types found in the cities, towns, and villages of Europe stands in contrast to the minor stylistic variations of similar unique buildings-for example, Gothic churches-that exist across the continient. The attachment of repetetive elements to land and local culture, which become regional expressions, as well as the universal character of unique elements, are critical to the understanding of community forms. Probably no other duality has been so misunderstood. To consider an obvious example, skyscrapers built in downtown areas for the purpose of housing the managerial activities of corporations often indulge the egocentric corporate identity. A corporate workplace is a repetetive building type making up the majority of downtown urban patterns; it is not meant to be unique. Whenever the design of skyscrapers becomes a competition among corporations, the result is pointless escalation, confusion, and the breakdown of the urban pattern. Combination of dualities Dualities represent ranges of formal outcomes in urban patterns, taken one parameter at a time. In reality, patterns synthesize the various dualities in a single form. The following are possible combinations and examples: Unbuilt space, continuos, repetetiveUrban streets Unbuilt space, continuous, uniqueIstiklal streetts Unbuilt space, discrete, repetetiveNeighborhood plazas Unbuilt space, discrete, uniquePiazza Ortakoy Built form, continuous, repetetiveArcades Built form, continuous, uniqueDefense walls Built form, discrete, repetetiveOffice buildings Built form, discrete, uniqueBlue Mosque PATTERN ANALYSIS Urban design has a long tradition of borrowing from the past, one of that continues today as neotraditional designers look nostalgically back to the towns as an alternative to conventional development. Breaking down the analysis into layers facilitates comparison on each dimension. The five layers are: 1-Built form: Showing the footprints of all structures and the resulting grain and pattern of development. 2-Land use: Patterns showing the location and density of housing, as well as retail, office, industrial, and civic activity. 3-Public open space: Including parks, plazas, walkways, and water bodies. 4-Circulation system: Including vehicular roads, alleys, parking lots, and bicycle and pedestrian paths. 5-Pedestrian access: Showing areas with one quarter and one half mile access from a central point in the development, such as a local community or shopping center. In addition to studying the form and pattern of the developments, the analysis examines the character of public streets and public spaces; adequecy of the transportation system and the accesibility of the development to jobs, services, recreation, and schools; livability for children, teens, and elderly; and market success. URBAN TYPOLOGIES Urban patterns are formed by repetetive elements within which unique elements occur. These patterns have strong similarities and can be grouped conceptually into what we call typologies. The many similarities among certain urban structures, facilities, and spaces suggest a ‘family resemblance’ among them. This family resemblance can be found among network elements such as streets and infill elements such as buildings, among unbuilt spaces such as plazas and built forms such as urban blocks, and even among unique buildings and spaces. Some typologies are universal, others are bounded by culture. In other words, all elements in urban patterns can be, to various degrees, typical. Some definitions are in order. ‘Type’ is defined as the general form, structure, or character distinguishing a particular kind, group, or class of objects. ‘Prototype’ and ‘archetype’ are practically interchangeable concepts, indicating the first or primary type of any thing. ‘Stereotype’ is defined as something continued or constantly repeated without change. The definition of ‘type’ is based on the recognition of the essence of an object as well as on the possibility of reproducing that essence in another object. The essence of a typology is made up of a combination of key characteristics of the elements in the typology, as well as by the range of variations that the elements can experience without losing their affiliation with the typology. I am talking deliberatily about essence and not standards, a type witout the of catalogue models. Thus, any and all specific designs of a type must be variations,options, and interpretations of that type, with perhaps a few of them being closer than the others to the ideal. Urban types sre basically types of spatial organizations in settlements. However, additional cultural factors introduce the aspect of style. Gridiron blocks with row houses, central plazas, and roadside developments are ubiquitous patterns, for instance, are typical of baroque urbanism. How do typologies come into being? The concept is simple: Built elements that face the same (or very similar) sets of requirements and constraints will, in end up generating one typology as the best solution to these conditions. It is possible to imagine more than one good solution, but since human behavior tends to follow early successes, the result is often that a single typology emerges as the dominant one. In the development of a typology, several periods can be distinguished. At a given point, socioeconomic, cultural, and technological conditions may all come together to foster a new typology. For example, the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent development of industrial corporations led to the creation of large pools of adminisrative personel working together in central cities served by streetcards and, later, subway systems. The introduction of iron and, eventually, steel structures, as well as the invention of the elevator, made it possible to build tight clusters of high-rise office buildings in central buildings. Later, the development of air- conditioning systems eliminated the constrains on the size of those buildings imposed by the need for natural ventilation. Common determinants that affect a typology include the physical urban structure, municipal services, zoning and codes, technology, financial and tax structures, alternative investments, cultural beliefs, microclimate, and many others. Specific project requirements that affect a typology include the program-which is itself biased by cultural beliefs-the organization of the development entity, land and construction costs, demand markets, soil conditions, competition, and others. Technology, economic systems, social instutions-in a word, culture-are the social factors that, together with natural factors (such as microclimate, soil, and bodies of water), shape the patterns of human settlements. Technology, especially since the nineteenth century, has had an increasingly important effect in the shaping of urban typologies, including the critical areas of urban transportation- public transit, commuter rail, buses, and trolleys, as well as private automobiles along with highways and parking garages-building structures, mechanical systems, vertical circulation, instant communications, and,most recently, information processing. But quite often, built types herald later technological advance; some of the first skyscrapers in Chicago were built with load-bearing masonry walls. Culture is the prime mover in the development of urban typologies. Technology, as one of the cultural components of society. The central city skyscraper, for example, is a product of both technology and a cultural trend that encourages certain patterns of social behavior and, ultimately, certain events. Tall office buildings exist, in part, because there is a pervasive trend toward concentrating greater economic power in fewer corporations, which cluster together with other financial institutions and use their headquarters to project a corporate image. Cultural factors have always affected urban typologies. In the Middle ages, the high cost of transportation, the uncertainty of life beyond defensive walls, growing trade opportunities within a feudalistic system, and the universal institution of the churc led to the generic mediaval urban typology. It was a tightly clustered pattern, with market place and trade streets, often two centers of power (political and religious), and social institutions such as a hospital, asylum, orphanage and school near the church. Culture, building program, and technology shape typologies. Often, old types built for some specific users can be successfully adapted to other users, indicating that programs and types are not locked in a one-to-one relationship; instead, programs determine types through cultural interpretations. The basilica of Hagia Sophia, built by Constantine to be the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, was taken by the Turks and immediately converted to the Mosque of Istanbul, after which all other Turkish mosques have been patterned. The basilicas, in turn, were adapted from a Roman type of legal court building by early Christians, who used them as temples. Are these cases of cultural lag or adaptation, of program or type flexibility, or something different? One of the main roles of typologies may be to shape cultural symbols. Both the Byzantines and the Turks needed impressive halls to exhibit the religious glory of their empires: Hagia Sophia, the most unique element in the pattern. One of the trends most damaging to environmental richness is the cultural homogenization of urban typologies in many areas of the world. This phenomenon is well known to travelers, who find that hotels built in recent decades do not reflect regional differences, so that one cannot tell whether one is in Cairo, New York, Singapore, or Mexico, unless one leaves the hotel. Technology, of course, makes possible large climate-controlled shells anywhere, but it is the cultural dependency of many Third World countries that bears a major responsibility for this environmental impoverishment. Typically, human habitas have been rooted in the land and the local culture. Universality was restricted to the apex of the community hierarchy. It is only now that we see repetetive elements such as office buildings being elevated to the status of the universal, betraying their transnational character. As already mentioned, some typologies are local, while others are universal. The wide difference in the residential typologies of human habitats indicates that local conditions impose heavy constraints on people: Microclimate, defense, construction materials, and topography account for the majority of the differences among habitat typologies. Climate and culture can be overcome by technology. Thus homogenity, with its by- products of anonymity, gigantism, and lack of meaning, pervades urban areas in many countries. Cultural homogenity is a result of the increasing absorption of the world in the markets of the industrialized countries –primarily the United States- and the reshaping of regions and local cultures to fit the needs of the world economic metropolis. This reshaping includes the manipulation of what is considered the ‘good life’ and thus the generation of ‘perceived needs’ by local markets (and cultures). Arround the world, the good life is seen as benefiting from the replacement of local goods with foreign ones, like collage of Coca Cola and hamburgers, blue jeans and permanent press, Chevrolets and highways, glass skyscrapers and suburban developments-the glutton`s paradise. Local production is eliminated, local lifestyles are forgotten. And in the process regions become ‘culturally addicted’ to expensive, and often wasteful, foreign technologies and capital. By focusing on the right combination of localism and universality, designers will be able to produce far more responsive designers and also to (re)create new urban typologies suitable to time and place.

Is Your Body Language Professional

Is Your Body Language Professional Ever wondered what coworkers think of you? Or how you look to hiring managers? We all have an image of how we think we present ourselves, but sometimes it can be quite useful to check in and make sure we’re not too far off the mark. Check Your Vocal TicsDo you have any annoying vocal patterns? Say â€Å"um† too much? Constantly go up in pitch at the end of your sentences? Ask a friend you trust to tell you every time you repeat one of these things- or better yet, record yourself speaking as you might in an interview or presentation to the boss. You’ll get a much better sense of how you sound to others and will be able to make adjustments.Settle Your HandsDo you constantly twirl your hair or fiddle with your jewelry? Do you always have your hands in your pockets or your arms crossed? Any of these habits we turn to when feeling bored or awkward can be perceived as nervous or aloof and can make a bad impression. We’re not saying you can never touch your hair or put your hands in your pockets, just be aware of how often you are doing it so it doesn’t become a bad habit.Make Sure Gestures Have MeaningWe use our hands when we speak for emphasis and clarity- and sometimes just because we’re used to doing it! Sometimes our hand gestures can be distracting, though, so it’s always best to run through our patterns and make sure we’re using our hands to our best advantage.Try holding your arms open at a 45 degree angle with your palms up to appear more honest and approachable, or touch your fingertips together when you want to express precision. Place your palms firmly down to signify certainty. And practice these so they appear natural and unrehearsed.Move Your HeadPeople can learn a lot from how you hold your head. A tilt can express compassion when someone tells you a sad story. Holding yourself upright and straight can portray confidence in negotiations, by appearing more authoritative and neutral. Start noticing how you move your head and in which situations, so you can adapt if necessary.Flex Your MusclesResearch shows that flexing muscles, any muscles, can actually help improve willpower and confidence. The next time you’re negotiating or trying to articulate a point, see whether flexing a muscle or two imperceptibly can give you an extra boost.

Orgnaizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Orgnaizational Behavior - Essay Example In general leadership refers to the use of non-coercive influence techniques. It is important to distinguish a leader from a dictator. Whereas dictators get others to do what they want by using physical coercion or by threats of physical force, leaders do not (Greenberg and Baron, 2003: pp 471). From the definition it is clear that leadership involves the exercise of influence for the purpose of attaining group or organisational goals. In other words, leaders focus on changing those actions or attitudes of their subordinates that are related to specific goals. They are far less concerned with altering followers' actions or attitudes that are irrelevant to such goals. (Greenberg and Baron, 2003: pp 471). Also, from the definition one can see that leadership requires followers that is leadership is a two way street. Although leaders do indeed influence subordinates in various ways, leader also are influenced by their subordinates. As a matter of fact one can say that leadership exists only in relation to followers. After all, one cannot lead without followers. (Greenberg and Baron, 2003: pp 471). Leadership style refers to the adoption of Authoritarian Management or a Democratic Management style by an individual in an organization, depending on which style is more comfortable to his or her personality. (Statt and David, 1999: pp 91). Leadership Styles Of Two Senior Member In My Organisation The leadership styles of two senior members in my organisation are as follows: The first senior member is primarily concerned with establishing good relations with subordinates and being looked by them. He/she engages in actions such as doing favours for subordinates, explaining things to them and taking steps to ensure their welfare. He is reluctant to act in a directive manner toward subordinates and often shy away from presenting them with negative feedback. The second Senior member on the other hand is concerned mainly with production and focuses primarily on getting the job done. The senior member engages in actions such as organising work, inducing subordinates to follow rules, setting goals, and making leader and subordinate rules explicit. The leadership styles discussed above can be linked as shown in the figure 2 below: Figure 2: Basic Dimensions of Leadership Behaviour. Taken from: (Greenberg and Baron, 2003: pp 471). From the figure above one can observe that though the leadership styles discussed earlier are far off from each other, these leadership styles often converge at times. For example, there are leaders who are both production oriented and at the same time person oriented. Some leaders can be 75% person oriented and 25% production oriented and vice versa. Also some leaders can score equal points for each of the two dimensions as well as some may not be found in any of the dimensions. That is they are neither person oriented nor production oriented. Likert's Four System approach. Following an extensive research at Michigan University, Rensis Likert came up with

American Arbitration Associate Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Arbitration Associate - Article Example The Dispute Resolution Services is the largest worldwide provider of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that is aimed at reducing the effect of the dispute through mediation, arbitration and out-of-court settlements that involve employment healthcare, international trade conflicts, intellectual property, consumer technology and construction. It also enables the access to the American Arbitration Association claim program, rules and real-world solutions to business and industry professionals, government agencies as well as consumers. It of paramount importance to note that these services are involved in the establishments of protocols as well as methods geared towards resolving disputes before they occur, thus contributing positively in saving costs and time and at the same time maintaining relationships. The dispute resolution services also contribute in assisting to meet the objectives by providing a variety of process and procedures that set the stage for early resolution for conflicts ideally helping to reduce the level of antagonism between parties. Monica, A. M.(1992). Reference to American Arbitration Association Rules in Home Warranty Contract Makes Arbitration Decision Binding, 4 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 63. Retrieved from: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lclr/vol4/iss2/7 and

Rise of Darkness Essay Example for Free

Rise of Darkness Essay For further understanding of the study, the proponents made use of different reading materials related to the study. Related literature and studies go deeper into certain topics and may include small but important details which will help the proponents in understanding better their chosen topic. It also serves as a guide for the proponents when comparing and analyzing the findings of the study. Related literature is written information that could have a relation or relevance to a specific topic of your research which may come in the form of books, journals, articles, and internet resources. Related studies are research that has something to do with that certain subject and may include anything used to provide any information you need on that specific subject. The review of related literature and studies provides the necessary connection between the ongoing work and studies that have been done before. It tells the proponents about well-established facts and conclusions by other authors, and gives the proponents an appreciation for previously collected evidence and the people that collected them. Review of Related Literature Like most countries in the Asian region, the Philippines recognises the significant role of gaming in increasing tourism growth, according to Naguiat (The Report: The Philippines, 2012). One of the most important considerations will be to ensure that current and future gaming developments showcase the best of the Philippines in terms of culture, locations, activities and cuisine. This study states that the Philippines recognize that an improvement in the gaming development might or can increase the tourism in the country. Action-Adventure games are a hybrid of action games and adventure games and may be the broadest type of game design in the industry, according to Briar  Lee Mitchell (Game Design Essentials; 2012). Adventure games tend to be more slowly paced and are focused primarily on storylines and problem-solving to get through the levels. When designers add some of action elements described earlier to an adventure game, players can immerse themselves in the narrative of the game, experience more and varied personality types with their avatars, and enjoy faster-paced gameplay than in an adventure game while also solving puzzles and often experiencing a detailed and elaborate storyline. Tomb Raider, God of War, and The Legend of Zelda are prime examples of action-adventure games. The above related literature describes very well what the genre is of the proposed game. The action-adventure genre leaves game developers with many options in enhancing the gameplay and storyline of a game. The propon ents seek to develop a game that performs well in these two areas. Review of Related Studies An electronic game is any interactive game operated by computer circuitry, according to Jagretta (2013). The machines, or â€Å"platforms,† on which electronic games are played include general-purpose shared and personal computers, arcade consoles, video consoles connected to home television sets, and handheld game machines. The term video game can be used to represent the totality of these formats, or it can refer more specifically only to games played on devices with video displays: television and arcade consoles. The above related study gives a good description or definition of the term video game. The game has a Multiplayer, Hunting, Solving Puzzle and running action game based, according to Marano and Suba (Stickedshock Brothers: A Two-Dimensional (2D) Local Area Network (LAN) Based Roleplaying Game (RPG) ,2013). In the multiplayer mode the user can choose if the user will use Single or Cooperative mode. The main objective of the game was to eliminate enemies, solve puzzles and save the son of their leader. The proposed game contains many similarities with the game in the above related study. Besides the difference of the proposed game not having a cooperative mode and that it is being developed for Android tablets, these two games have similarities in terms of the intended gameplay, such as puzzle and action elements. Villains are the threats and burden for the protagonist, according to Apostol and De Asis (Middletown High Misery: A Two-Dimensional Role-Playing Game, 2012). They are the ones who make the life of the protagonist difficult and dangerous. The above related study gives a good definition of what a game’s antagonist and villains are. Computer games are one of the most in demand in the market today, according to Carillo and Sagun (Twilight of the Gods: A Two-Dimensional Roleplaying Game, 2012).Through the years, gaming was one of the fastest growing industries in the market. The above related study states the fact that games are desired by many people. This is an economical significance for video games. Whether just for casual fun or competitiveness, games are in demand these days. This paper investigates strategies to generate levels for action adventure games., according to Joris Dormans (Adventures in level design: generating missions and spaces for action adventure games, 2010) This genre relies more strongly on well-designed levels than rule-driven genres such as strategy or roleplaying games for which procedural level generation has been successful in the past. The approach outlined by this paper distinguishes between missions and spaces as two separate structures that need to be generated in two individual steps. It discusses the merits of different types of generative grammars for each individual step in the process. The above related study highlights the importance of level design in the action-adventure genre of games. This aspect of gameplay has been considered before, but this study brings its importance forward. A well-designed level must engage both the player’s reflexes (action element) and problem-solving (adventure element). An attractive element of the gaming experience as a learning tool is that it provides opportunities for continued practice because negative consequences are not typically associated with failure. Rather, failure serves as an integral part of the learning experience, According to Howells Cranmer (2010) This study encourages players to improve through repeated practice by  advancing or replaying the parts of a game. In games failures can become a true gaming experience. As the industry-standard, Photoshop skills are a necessity if you want to be employable in the graphic design field, According to Sue Chastain(2013) Review of Related Readings The video game industry is an 80-billion dollar industry and is considered to be the biggest form of entertainment, according to the article ‘Philippine Government Supports Video Game Industry’ by Pineda (2013). In a global scale, it even beats TV, Music and Film Industries. Because video games are huge, governments from various countries have expressed their support for the industry. In the above related article, it is shown that video games can have an impact economically on a nation because of the size of the video game industry. Android tablets are not a dedicated gaming console, but most of the downloaded applications in the Google Play Store are in the entertainment and games category. We’re all used to looking at 2D images in everyday life, but knowing what things look good isn’t the same as understanding exactly why they they look good, according to the article ‘The Total Beginner’s Guide to Better 2D Game Art’ by Mark Simpson of gamedev.net (2013). Any 2D image can be broken down into basic elements, and you can think about creating 2D art as combining those elements in a way that 1) Looks like what you meant it to be, and 2) Is not super ugly. For example, we all know what a square and a sphere look like, but how do they fit into the process of making an identifiable character? The proposed game will use two-dimensional (2D) visuals. The proponents intend to create original visual art for the game, and the above related reading gives good tips and general instructions to keep in mind for the creation of two-dimensional game sprites and backgrounds. Even though game developers are focused on making games more immersive, all too often they throw things in the game that break the feel and remind you that you are playing a game, according to the article ‘3 Things Video Games Do Too Often To Break The Sense of Immersion’ by Dave LeClair of MakeUseof  (2012). These gameplay trappings will suck you out of the living, breathing world and remind you that it’s just a game. Unfortunately it’s hard to think of alternatives for some of these staples of games, but hopefully, with the incoming next generation of consoles, developers will find alternative ways to accomplish these actions. With the proposed game being in the action-adventure genre, good immersion into the game is one of the goals of the proponents. The storyline is an integral part of the action-adventure genre. The above related reading serves as a good guide when the intent of the game is to also be entertaining in terms of its story. â€Å"The local industry is very small right now and we’re trying to get a bigger share of the market,† says Darwin Tardio, president of the Game Development Association of the Philippines (GDAP) according to the article ‘Game on: the present and future of game development in the Philippines’ by Mardadesch (2011). â€Å"It’s booming, and can be lucrative. When GDAP started there were only four member companies. Now, three to four years later, there are 22 companies working on a lot of game projects, many of them big ones. The game development industry of the Philippines has a lot of room for growth as stated in the related article above. There are many platforms for which game developers may contribute to, and any contribution is a step forward for the game development industry. Building games for Android also contributes to the industry. If you are someone who is not conditioned by Hollywood products, someone who enjoys 2D animation because of its unexpected delights, not necessarily juvenile or always wholesome, you may find it rewarding to check out some of the above-mentioned titles, according to the article ‘Are 2D animated movies dead?’ by Zulueta (2010). If you are a 2D fan who does not always require from your movies the presence of a small animal sidekick, or a string villain to counter point the hero’s goodness, or villains that always die falling from a high place, or gags every couple of minutes just to keep your short, video game-oriented attention span riveted, then 2D animation features are still alive and kicking. The value of three-dimensional (3D) games in modern games is evident. Every advancement in technology means an increasingly accurate visual representation of reality. Yet two-dimensional  graphics are still valuable, as stated in the above related article, for adding its own unique character and feel to a game or animation. Anino Games is a third party game developer specializing in end-to-end game development for the PC, Nintendo DS, and mobile phone platforms, according to an article titled Anino Games by Valencia (2009).. Anino Games is the pioneer and largest game development studio in the Philippines, with more than 50 developers. Anino Games is a big step forward in establishing the game development industry in the Philippines. Anino Games also develops games for mobile platforms which may include Android tablets. Synthesis The review of related literature and studies is a very important part of the research process. It helps the researchers and connects the study to previous studies. It also highlights the opinions and findings of different researchers. From the related literature, the book Game Design Essentials by Briar Lee Mitchell defines wat an action-adventure game is and what are the elements that can be found in games within the genre. Games that combine elements of action and adventure games are called action-adventure games. Some of these elements are the storyline, level design, shooting and platforming, and more. From the related studies, the study ‘Touchscreen vs traditional controllers in handheld gaming’ by Zaman, Natapov and Teather examines the usability of touchscreen controls (virtual gamepads) versus traditional controllers (physical gamepads). This is important to consider as the game to be developed is for Android tablets, and most of them do not have physical controls. Because of this, it is important to have and well-designed control system for the game. From the related readings, the article ‘3 Things Video Games Do Too Often To Break The Sense of Immersion’ by Dave LeClair highlights the importance of immersion and a good storyline that is possible from video games. A good storyline can make the player want to know more about the world within the  game, and that is one goal of the proponents of it is at all possible considering the circumstances and constraints of the study.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essays: The Loud Message -- All Quiet o

All Quiet on the Western Front: The Quiet Novel that Screamed a Message In Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front", the main character Paul Baumer who is 18 years old, is sent to the front to fight for his homeland, Germany. He and his friends go through a spectrum of typical war expiriences: the deaht of a comrad, the terror of shelling, the abuse by their officers, etc. Remarque as well as Paul hates everything about the war: its meaninglessness, the lives of young people that it destroys or the innocent people that it kills. Throughout the whole book, the author conveys this hatred in many different ways. The most common way Remarque shows his hatred is by using the plot of the novell itself. He offen does this by describing the death of Paul's close friends or by describing the sickness of his mother. A good example of this technique is the death of Paul's friend Kemmerich. It can be felt how terrible the death of innocent people is while...

Euthymides’ Three Revelers Essay

Euthymides’ Three Revelers is a Greek red-figure vase painting which dates back to about 510 BC. It was found in an Etruscan tomb in Vulci, Italy, where it had probably been imported from Athens. This is proof of the virtuosity of ancient Greek artists, and is quite ironic since the Greeks learned vase painting from the Corinthians. The earliest ancient Greek vase paintings were created using the black-figure technique. This involved using a clay-based slip to draw on the figures and later adding details by incising them into the clay of the vase. Through a process of firing the vase multiple times, the slip would turn black; the silhouetted painted figures contrasted with the natural brown-orange color of the vases. Exekias’ Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice (c. 525-520 BC) is a well-known example of black-figure vase painting. The background of the scene is the natural clay color and all the painted figures are blackened slip with incised details. In Exekias’ painting, there are also details in white on the capes of the two men. The red-figure technique was developed shortly after and is the opposite of black-figure. The background around the figures was painted with slip, leaving them to be detailed with black against the natural color of the vase. This allowed the artist to paint with higher detail since no incisions were necessary. The painting of the Three Revelers is found on a vase used for storing wine called an amphora, so it is appropriate that the three men are celebrating (and indeed reveling) in their drunkenness. The man on the left hasn’t even considered putting down his cup before joining the fun. The scene probably takes place during or after a symposium- a combination drinking party, orgy, and debate. Symposiums were held and attended by aristocratic Greek men, often to debate political, moral, or ethical issues. Perhaps the most famous story of one of these events comes to us by way of literature as Plato’s The Symposium. Euthymides was a rival of Euphronios, who was considered to be the master of red-figure painting. Euphronios’ innovation can be seen in his depiction of  Herakles Wrestling Antaios (c. 510 BC). The two combatants are shown in higher detail and more naturally than any prior work. The giant Antaios is shown grimacing, his hair unkempt, and his body contorted. Herakles, however, shows no signs of struggle: his hair and beard are neat, his face is calm. Perhaps the greatest achievement of the Greek vase painters was their attempt to make art more of an optically correct experience than an ideally correct one. For instance, Herakles’ right foot can be seen tucked behind his leg. The artist’s use of perspective assumes that viewers will understand that Herakles’ calf is behind his thigh, leaving only part of his foot to be seen. Before this point an artist would assume no such thing. His goal and purpose was to show his subjects so that they could be understood and identified by anyone at any time with no conjecture necessary. For instance, the low relief figures chiseled into the Harvester’s Vase (c. 1500 BC), though they are marching from left to right across the scene and we might expect to see them from the side view, are portrayed in the composite profile (profile legs, frontal torso, profile head, frontal eye). Euthymides took this idea of correct optical representation one step further. Whereas the two main figures in Euphronios’ Herakles Wrestling Antaios are shown from the side view and the frontal view, the Three Revelers are shown not from a frontal or rear view, not from a side view or profile, and not in the composite profile used exclusively for centuries prior. They are shown in a three-quarter profile, seen from the side but not completely. The figures recede into the background creating a third dimension: depth. Euthymides knew just how revolutionary this was, so he signed his work with the customary â€Å"Euthymides painted me,† but added â€Å"as never Euphronios [could do].† The three-dimensional foreshortening of painted figures eventually became the artistic standard because of it’s representation of optical experience rather than representation of the ideal, easily identifiable aspects of the body. This can be considered not only an important technical advance, but an artistic one as well. In Onesimos’ Girl Preparing to Bathe (c. 490 BC), the  three-quarter profile lends a flowing, lifelike movement to the subject. Conversely, the contorted composite profile used in the centauromachy detail of Kleitias’ Fraà §ois Vase (c. 570 BC) virtually stops the motion of an otherwise active and exciting scene. The innovation and creativity found in Euthymides’ Three Revelers began to establish the aesthetic, naturalistic focus of Greek art that followed it. Though they were first realized by ancient Greek artists, attention to detail and depiction of figures as they are seen rather than in a universally understood, simplified rendering are indeed two important concepts which can be recognized in any piece of modern visual art. Further, the Three Revelers is the beginning of a dynamic from the ancient techniques of simple representation to the infinite levels of abstraction that we find today in all art forms: music, literature, film, and so on. It should be no surprise that the same culture that turned symbolic portrayals of the world and their own mythology into what we would today call art is the same one that concentrated the eternal search for truth by giving it a name- philosophy, and in both cases provided the basis for all following thought and analyzation.

Legalization or Decriminalization of Drugs

The legalization or decriminalization of drugs would be beneficial to society through various ways. The government would collect taxes on them which could help with various expenses such as education expenses. Through different pharmaceutical companies it can be controlled as well as ensure quality which helps drug users from receiving bad product. It could free up space in prison or jails and allow more room for concentration of other important crimes that are taking place in society. On the other hand, the legalization of drugs could as well harm society. It could be used more by individuals and cause individuals to become less alert to the important things in society. This could also cause harm to kids. So we have to understand that there are pros and cons to the legalization as well as it could be beneficial as well as cause harm in many of ways. When this comes into consideration, the pros and cons should be weighed before a final decision is made. Yes I do consider alcohol a drug. It can become addictive as well. It causes a high just same as drugs. It most importantly causes a change in individuals behavior when to much alcohol is consumed. Certain alcohol levels can become very dangerous at times. It can be more dangerous than illegal drugs. I do believe that some alcohols are safer than others. An individual must also know their limits of how much alcohol to consume. This is sometimes hard in many situations which sometimes lead to various addictions and crime. Sometimes it can even lead to death when one has received too much of the wrong alcohol. This is known as alcohol poisoning. Without prohibiting alcohol, I believe that there is already a great control on alcohol already taking place. You will not be able to get rid of it. The only thing that you can do is maintain certain laws and standards that are to be abided by to keep it under control. The drug trade will always exist. There will be drug users as well as drug dealers. TV shows and films in my opinion act out what is already present in real life situations. The only difference is one is physical seen in everyday life versus the other shown on television. I do not believe that all images on TV of drugs and alcohol be banned. Theses situations should be shown. Sometimes by watching these shows and watching some of the out comes can help one turn or change to a more positive path in life. On the other hand it can help those who were considering it, maybe to not participate or become users. Just like everything else, individuals will always try to blame there problems on something or someone, but we have to remember that everyone makes that choice to do right or wrong. Television shows a lot of what is already happening in the streets in homes. Instead of looking at it causing more harm than good, it should be looked at it as a guide to help turn from those ways. Yes I believe prostitution is a crime. If two individuals would like to endeavor in mutual sex, than they can do that with out prostituting. Some are, not in their right state of mind as well as know the difference between right and wrong. If a man or woman would like to sell sexual favors, that should be there right just as long as it is mutual and not in the public view. Two adults that are capable of making decisions about their life should be allowed to make them as long as it does not cause harm to them or anyone else. Prostitution on the streets is nothing that should be exploited because of the dangers and harm that could follow if things are done as planned or expected. Children are alert to all of their surroundings and what goes on in society. Sexual transmitted diseases as well as AIDS is floating on and being passed from one individual to another uncontrollably. Here again without prohibiting it, I believe there is a great control of sexual explicit materials on the internet. It is on television, in magazines, as well as viewed on tapes and cds. So it will be showed one way or another. No I would ever approve of the online sale of sexually explicit photos of children even if they are artificial images created by computer animation. Children are sensitive and are still coming into the knowledge of growing into young mature productive adults in society. They are not learning how to become another statistics in society of crime. This would not be a positive aspect that would be beneficial to them in life. This as well would not lead nor guide them in how to have respect for their bodies as well as others. We should also understand that because there are predators out their in the world we should not help them cause harm to children. I believe that both statements are accurate. Although sexually aggressive men are drawn to pornography; a man who is not so sexually aggressive would reach that stage eventually as he continue to watch as well as read more and more pornography. Men sexual drives are strong at times. There excitement levels are different in many ways. When a manfinds something or sees something that excites him, he continues to want that as well as wanting to reach more exciting levels. Through pornography they are also able to full fill such levels as fantasies. When men become aggressive their focus is usually one thing and that is to reach their peek. Sometimes this means by any means necessary. Now some men needs more than pornography. Pornography is only satisfying for a while. After this point they actually try to turn and create those fantasies with someone else. Some women are faced with the same issues. I believe that there are various views on this issue. I due believe that in various ways there are objective standards of morality. Others believe that there are not any objective standards. Many believe and argue that mostly those individuals that have a relationship as well as an involvement in Christianity are the ones who believe that there are objective standards. They believe that these objectives were written back in the days that God created the Ten Commandments.